Best RecipesChef Robert Oliver - The Pacific People's Chef News Recipes

Chef Robert Oliver is one of the Pacific's culinary heroes. Together with Dr Tracy Berno (co-author) and Shiri Ram (photographer), he took Pacific food to the world in their pioneering book Me'a Kai. And the world responded by naming Me'a Kai Best Cookbook in the World 2010 at the Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in Paris, beating out such hefty competition as Noma (from a two Michelin starred restaurant), Natura Kuchni Polskiej (from a Michelin 'Rising Star' restaurant chef) and The Essential New York Times Cookbook. 


I caught up with Chef Oliver while he was in China, and he graciously told me about his next project which is poised to do wonderful things with and for Samoan food. Throughout our interview, Chef Oliver's passion and enthusiasm for what he does is unmistakable. He's a man with a clear mission who, despite his culinary fame, remains humble ("I don't consider myself to be a celebrity chef") and hard-working. In fact, he has worked tirelessly for years to bring good food to the table, whether it be for his own restaurants in Miami or Las Vegas, or for resorts in the Caribbean, or even for the homeless or underprivileged folk in inner city New York. Let's find out more about what he's doing for our tiny little country of Samoa.


Congratulations on your cookbook Me'a Kai winning the Gourmand Best Cookbook in the World Award. How did you and your team celebrate?
I was at work in Shanghai one day and I got a call from a number I didn't recognise and this booming French man comes on and says, "Is this Robert Oliver?". I said, "Yeah". He said, "This is Edouard Cointreau [President of Gourmand International]. Your book is just incredible. There's been nothing like it. You've taken a risk. You've broken the mould. And you're shortlisted for the Best Cookbook in the World Award." I actually had to sit down, I couldn't believe it! I called Shiri and Tracy right away. Tracy actually burst into tears. It was all such a project of the heart and it was a very brilliant but hard project. 


Did you know that Samoans came to Paris to support us? I still get very moved when I think of it. And the thing that has been best about the win is that it hasn't been just 'our' win. It's been a win for the whole Pacific. It's an affirmation that the right stuff is coming out of the Pacific. When I was in Fiji this year [for the South Pacific Food and Wine Festival 2012] people were just so honoured by the win. They feel recognised in a very nice way. A lot of the profiles of the food producers have gone up, so they're suddenly on the radar. These are things that we didn't anticipate. The community and their support has been really amazing for us and that's our energy moving forward actually.


Your next literary project is Organic Samoa, in which you'll be creating a tourism cuisine supplied by local organic farmers. Can you tell us a bit about it?
We always meant Me'a Kai to be the beginning of something. And I'm so grateful to the guys in Samoa - actually, there's only one guy, the Prime Minister, and the rest are all women - that are making things happen for me. Sonja Hunter, who is head of Samoa Tourism, has been an absolute soldier on this whole thing. And the women from Women in Business Development, who were already heading in the direction of Me'a Kai, have been wonderful. The Samoan project has been really creative as a result of the Gourmand award. It's the result of two years of intense lobbying during which the Prime Minister of Samoa has been absolutely amazing. He's really gone out of his way to make this project happen.

Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi
Prime Minister of Samoa

Random House (New Zealand) is publishing again. They took a massive risk publishing Me'a Kai because publishers usually look for what's commercially viable and don't put money into books where the market is too small. But because Me'a Kai had such runaway success that no-one anticipated, and we've built a really amazing community around Me'a Kai, Random House liked the idea of this next book.

Now that we've got this profile from Me'a Kai and the award, one of the things we can do with it is make it effective in the communities that we were originally based in. In Samoa, it just seemed obvious that here we have over 500 organic farms and yet there's no organic content, or very little, on the hotel menus and so its not on the tourism brand. And also, Samoa's got diet-related health problems. None of those things together make sense.


So Samoa has just stepped up. Samoa so often does step up, by the way, in the Pacific. There's a real entrepreneurial sense in Samoa that I've just been overwhelmed and so happy about with this project because it's going to make it into a great book, and thus a great movement and a great activity. 


It sounds like a lot of work on top of all your other projects, as you're also the Le Cordon Bleu New Zealand Ambassador there in China. How do you balance it all?
I realised early on that I was a horrific manager of people. I mean, I have trouble managing myself! I was told I needed a personal assistant, someone to deal with this and someone to deal with that. But that didn't feel right to me. So I do have trouble, but I've got fantastic partners. After the Gourmand award, we had big publishing deals come our way, but we thought 'What are we about?'. We wrote Me'a Kai as a celebration for the Pacific of their own cuisine so that it would be linking to tourism and it would be connected to day-to-day life. With the Samoan project, we're saying, 'This is how you do it [sustainable cuisine]. This is an activity.' We're pretty excited about this next project. 


Do you have a favourite Samoan food?
Oh, I've got lots. I love the curried octopus. And I love Ofupua'a - Pork Heart and Liver in Soy and Ginger. That's incredible.


These aren't things you would expect to eat at a fine dining establishment. Are you determined to take locally cooked Samoan food to those heights?
Yep, and actually, we're doing that in Auckland. You know, I was never going to do restaurants again, because I've had restaurants in the past, including a high profile restaurant in Miami. But there's a reason to do it now, for Me'a Kai and for Pacific cuisine.


Our 'Kai Pasifika' restaurant is due to open in 2013 on the Auckland waterfront. It will be headed by restauranteur Richard Hall, who has an extensive international background in the business, and it will be the quintessential Auckland dining experience, offering the beautiful cuisines of the South Pacific.  


The restaurant concept is based on Me'a Kai, so it will be the face of Pacific food trade in New Zealand. But more than anything, it's about celebrating Pacific Island food culture and having somewhere fantastically Pacific to go to in Auckland. 


I've seen you say in another interview that Samoan coconut cream is the best. Could you please tell us why?

It's now out of business actually. It was called Fiafia Pacific Coconut Cream and it was made in Samoa. It was the only coconut milk that first of all, didn't have any additives in it, and you could taste that. Also, it had a real roundness of flavour. It's something that you find in Pacific Island coconuts that's different from Asian coconuts. 


Is there anything you won't cook?
Not really. We can't avoid pisupo [canned corned beef]. We have to have a recipe with pisupo in the book because the pisupo story is important to Samoa. But there's a whole lot of Samoan recipes that have been pulled out of use and I want to bring them back and put the spotlight back on them because I think they're a lot healthier than the pisupo, lamb flaps and chicken backs that have become so central to Samoan and also Tongan food culture. But I'm not writing a health book or here to judge anyone or tell them what to eat. We just want to put the focus on the amazing organic produce that is being locally grown.


A lot of original Pacific foods were natural and what people are now calling 'organic' farming is actually the way islanders had farmed for many centuries. 
And that's the reason behind the organic movement in the Pacific. It's not to create 'organic'. It's to preserve the integrity of the original land and ocean and water. Organics is the mechanism which maintains Pacific cultural integrity in relation to farming. I think people think of 'organics' as being this hippy thing, but in the Pacific, the goal is to create a legal framework that stops things going wrong. Samoans understand this because the Samoan Prime Minister is the Head of the Pacific Island Organic Taskforce. 


Most of my readers at SamoaFood.com are home cooks. Do you have any advice that can help make our food more like yours (ie. better tasting, better looking, just...better)?
The whole of Me'a Kai is home food. It's not restaurant food. I think that's one of the reasons it's so successful. If anything, we're learning off the home cooks and not the other way around. 


That leads me to my next question. You've had a lot of success getting recipes from home cooks in the Pacific, but one of the most common complaints here at SamoaFood.com is that no-one shares their recipes (and we're talking about our own mothers, aunts, cousins etc!). So, how do you get your recipes from people?
I don't know what the problem is because I have no trouble whatsoever. I was arriving at people's homes in Samoa with a photographer and getting their story and I really felt like these were stories that were waiting to be told. There's a whole lot more than a recipe that you get - the story of the person, the culture, the farming and all the loving anecdotes around food. That's what we got with Me'a Kai and that's what we're hoping to get again in Samoa, because Samoa has great personalities. 


I totally agree with you. In closing, is there anything else you'd like to share with my readers?
I just want to say that I'm thrilled at what you're doing because I think the more recipe sharing, the better. 


Thank you Chef Oliver for your generosity of time and spirit. You're doing such great things for Pacific and Samoan food. We wish you all the best with Organic Samoa and all your other endeavours.

Chef Oliver with his good friend Beatrice Faumuina

Chef Robert Oliver is heading off to Samoa this Saturday and will be based in the Pacific for much of the remainder of the year. He'll be bringing a food festival element to the Teuila Festival later this year, and be assisted by a celebrity guest who I'm not at liberty to disclose. 


And don't think that this is the last you've seen of Me'a Kai. Chef Oliver has been working closely with Gourmand and Le Cordon Bleu to bring this fabulous cooking text to life. And in fact, Me'a Kai is even being made into a TV series by Zoomslide Productions. The effects of Chef Oliver's work seems to know no bounds.


If you see Chef Oliver out and about, please show him your support for his work on Organic Samoa. He's at the helm of a movement that is going to transform the way that we, and especially the world, see Samoan food. 

Best RecipesCook Island Doughnuts News Recipes

Now, why is a Cook Island recipe on a Samoan food blog?


Well, while I was on vacation these past few weeks, I taught my family how to make Cook Island/Raro doughnuts. The first time I demonstrated it, I made 50, and they were gone in less than 24 hours. The second time we made them, we doubled the recipe so there were 100 doughnuts. 'Should last at least two days', I thought. 
Not even. 
Again, gone in less than 24 hours. 
For the health and safety of my family, I didn't dare attempt a triple batch, but be warned: Samoans LOVE these doughnuts. 

My late Cook Island aunt used to make these and sell them at the markets in Otara, New Zealand. She would sit there with her styrofoam box filled with warm doughnuts, bagged by the dozen. She never sat for longer than an hour or two before all her doughnuts were sold, customers often being turned away. I wish I could say that the following recipe was hers but, bless her soul, she did not pass her recipe on to me. 


This recipe, which reminds me exactly of my auntie's doughnuts, comes from researching the internet, making Dutch Oliebollen every year, and experimenting on my lovely family who were willing - a bit too willing - to taste my creations.

Cook Island Doughnuts
(makes 50)


4 packages (28 g) dried yeast
10 cups (1.25 kg) flour
4 tablespoons (50 g) butter, room temperature
2½ cups (500g) sugar
pinch of salt
3 (180 g) eggs
1 cup (240 ml) milk
4 cups (1 L) warm water


Put everything in a very large bowl, pot or if you really don't have anything else, a bucket. Mix until well combined (no dry flour patches). 


Cover with plastic wrap and leave to rise until doubled in volume. Can't tell you how long this will take because you could be in Alaska or you could be in Africa and rising totally depends on the temperature of your kitchen, the humidity of the air, your elevation levels...figure at least an hour.


Once doubled, start heating up your oil for deep-frying. We want to have it between 320-350° F (160-180°C) by the time we go to fry. Make sure the oil is at least 10 cm deep. Oh, and go get a chopstick. You heard me right, a chopstick. This is essential for the recipe.


Back to the dough. Stir the mixture down and then scrape out the very sticky dough onto a well-floured bench. Well-floured in this case means at least a centimetre layer of flour on your work surface, but add only as much flour as you need to keep the dough from sticking to your hands. If you add way to much flour at this point, your doughnuts will turn out hard. If you don't add enough flour, your doughnuts won't hold their shape. Ah, I never said this would be easy.


Roll out balls of dough just smaller than the palm of your hand - OK, lapsing into Samoan style recipe instructions here, but I forgot to weigh each doughnut. I think they were roughly 3 inches (7.5 cm) wide. If it helps, remember that we aim to get 50 doughnuts out of this recipe. 


Once the oil has reached temperature, begin frying the doughnuts by picking up a ball of dough, piercing it with your thumb in the centre to make a doughnut hole, and then sliding the doughnut into the hot oil carefully. Immediately put the chopstick in the doughnut hole and swirl the doughnut round and round to enlarge and form the hole. 


Fry both sides of the doughnut until golden brown. Remove with your handy chopstick and then continue frying. You may think you've made 50 doughnuts but in reality, after every member of your family has done a 'taste test' you'll end up with about 25. 

Best enjoyed warm with a hot beverage, ie. Koko Samoa.

Photo supplied.

Speaking of which, I received an email from another Koko Samoa supplier. Poulalo gets her Koko directly from her sister in Samoa and is able to ship or deliver to any customer in Queensland, Australia. All proceeds go to children's education. If you are interested in some fresh, flavourful koko, please email her or call her cellphone (0434383453) Queensland customers only. 


One last thing before I go. If you make my recipes, please leave me some feedback - good or bad. I love to hear if things are working for you and also if they aren't. And photos are welcome anytime!

Best RecipesWhen Water Burns News Recipes

This post is not about how I got steam burns from checking to see if my  puligi was cooked. Although that did happen two days ago.


No, this is much more exciting. Received an email just this morning that Lani Wendt Young has completed her sequel to Telesa: The Covenant Keeper and it is now available for pre-order. 

Go to Lani's site today to see how you can pre-order a copy and ensure that you don't miss out!

Best RecipesBlack Saturday, hiding in the bush and finally, Independence! News Recipes

When Nelson was exiled the first time, Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III took lead of the Mau Movement and on 28 December 1928, he paid for Samoa's freedom with his life. 

Mau Parade on Black Saturday
(Source: National Library of NZ)

On what is now known as 'Black Saturday', the Mau had gathered to celebrate the return of two of their exiles, when New Zealand police opened fire on the crowd. Tupua Tamasese and 7 others were fatally shot by New Zealand police. Three more people died later and scores of people, including women and children, were wounded. A Kiwi policeman was even clubbed to death in the fracas. 

Tamasese lying in state at Vaimoso
(Source: National Library of NZ)

So, in January 1930, to try and quell the 'rebellion', the frustrated New Zealand administration declared the Mau to be illegal. In an attempt to disband the members, the white stripes were literally torn from the purple lavalava of the Mau uniform and members who refused were arrested and imprisoned. 

Sailors removing the white band from the Mau lavalava.
Source: (National Library of NZ)

So the Samoan men did what they had always done when defeated in battle: around 1500 of the Mau men fled to the bush, to the mountains, to hide. 

60 Mau prisoners arrive from coast at dawn.
(Source: National Library of NZ)

When the Kiwis sent in marines to hunt the Samoan men down, they were unable to navigate the dense tropical bush, so instead they raided the villages that were secretly helping the men by providing them with food and shelter. The cowardly marines terrorised the villages at night and, it is reported, with raised bayonets, which I can imagine only infuriated the Samoan people even more.


Because their men were in hiding, the Samoan women took over the Mau activities, staging peaceful demonstrations and continuing to meet and stay organised. The Samoan people were desperate, more than ever, to reclaim the country that had been theirs since time immemorial.

Procession of Mau women taking over the public protests because their men were hiding in the forest from the NZ administration. (Source: National Library of NZ)

In 1935, after the pro-Samoan Labour Party won the New Zealand election, Samoa began its official slow march to Independence. By June 1936, the Mau had been restored as a legitimate political organisation but because of WWII and the Great Depression, and other political wrangles, it would not be until 1962 that Samoa truly belonged, once again, to the Samoans. 

Ì Ì Ì

As you can see, if you've been following my posts these last few weeks, independence did not come easily for Samoa. People were willing to challenge their family ties, willing to go to prison, willing to hide out in the mountains, willing to risk banishment and exile, and even paid with their lives all because they believed SAMOA MO SAMOA. 


So today, on the eve of Samoa's 50th Independence, I feel two overwhelming emotions: I'm proud and I'm humbled. 


I'm immensely proud that our people now rule themselves (even if I think they are making a royal mess of it sometimes), but I'm incredibly humbled by the stories of the Samoans that fought for the Independence we now enjoy. 

Malo Samoa!
CONGRATULATIONS on 50 years 
of hard-won Independence!

¶¶¶Happy Independence Day!¶¶¶

The Samoan Flag: Red for courage,
Blue for Freedom and White for Purity

The stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross constellation. This can only be seen in the southern hemisphere which is why it appears on flags in that part of the world.

Samoan Flag cake: Four layers of dense, rich chocolate cake
filled with buttercream and covered in fondant.

Best RecipesNelson and the second Mau, Brown and White Mini-cakes News Recipes

NZ raises their flag at the courthouse in Apia, 29 August 1914
(Source: National Library of NZ)

Germany left Samoa after a peaceful takeover by New Zealand in 1914, but the Kiwis proved to be as bad as the Germans, which lead to the formation of the second Mau a Pule movement.


In 1919, the New Zealanders allowed an influenza-plagued ship of passengers to dock in Apia. Influenza spread quickly amongst the Samoans, who had no immunity to the disease, while the administration did nothing. 


Well, they did do one thing. They refused help from medical staff in American Samoa. So while no-one died in American Samoa, 22% of the Western Samoan population was wiped out, about 7,500 people. The sick fell quicker than they could be buried. When whole families died, they were simply thrown into mass graves or left in their houses which were then torched.


One person who lost five members of his family to influenza was Olaf Frederick Nelson. A successful and influential afakasi (half-caste) businessman, Nelson was disillusioned with colonial rule and began to organise what would become the second Mau movement. 

Nelson (centre) with his daughters and travellers.
(Source: National Library of NZ)

Nelson believed so strongly in Samoa's Independence that he went to the League of Nations (the UN's predecessor) in Geneva, and presented a petition for Samoan self-rule. It was signed by 8000 out of 9300 Samoan adult men, but still he was denied a hearing. 


Nelson was such a staunch supporter of Samoan self-government, organising Mau meetings and encouraging peaceful civil disobedience, that he was exiled to New Zealand twice for his activities, including an 8 month stint in prison. It was during one of his exiles that things came to a head between the New Zealanders and the Samoans, and I'll write about this in my next post.

Mau members coming to Apia from bush for fono. 
Note their uniform, a purple lavalava with a white stripe.
(Source: National Library of NZ)

Because Nelson was an afakasi who was Samoan through and through, let's celebrate the diversity of the Samoan population with brown and white mini-cakes. You know, like ebony and ivory, because let's face it, Samoans come in all shapes and colours. 


OK, you can stop rolling your eyes at how desperately I'm trying to link Samoan history to food, thank you very much. And here are the recipes. You're welcome.

White Mini-Cakes
(makes 16)


3 egg whites, room temperature
1/3 cup + 1/3 cup milk
1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla
1 3/4 cups flour
1 cup sugar
2 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 cup (1 stick) butter, softened


Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and set up your mini-cake or cupcake liners.


Lightly mix the egg whites, 1/3 cup of milk and the vanilla in a small bowl. In a bigger bowl, sift the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt. Add the butter and the other 1/3 cup of milk and mix with an electric beater on low speed until the dry ingredients are moist. Then turn the speed up to medium and beat for 2 minutes. Next add the egg mixture in two parts, beating for 1 minute after each addition. 


Divide the batter evenly into the mini-cake/cupcake liners and bake for 20-25 minutes or until an inserted skewer comes out clean. Cool completely before decorating.

Brown Mini-cakes
(makes 16)


1/2 cup + 1 Tablespoon koko Samoa
1/2 cup boiling water
2 large eggs, room temperature
3 Tablespoons water
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 1/2 cups flour
1 cup sugar
2 teaspoons baking powder
pinch of baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
12 Tablespoons (1 1/2 sticks) butter, softened



In a cup or small bowl, mix the koko Samoa with the boiling water and leave to cool to room temperature.


Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and set up your mini-cake or cupcake liners.


Lightly combine the eggs, water and vanilla in another small bowl. In a larger bowl, sift the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Add the butter and room temperature koko and beat on low speed until the dry ingredients are moist. Then turn the speed up to medium and beat for 2 minutes. Next add the egg mixture in two parts, beating for 1 minute after each addition. 


Divide the batter evenly into the mini-cake/cupcake liners and bake for 20-25 minutes or until an inserted skewer comes out clean. Cool completely before decorating.

Best RecipesA special email, the significance of 1 June, and Cocoa Banana Muffins News Recipes

I love getting feedback from you guys. I read everything that you send me and do my best to reply to every communication. Last week, not long after I posted the piece about I'iga Pisa, I received this wonderful email from SwissHamo:

Dear Ms Panipopo,
Malo le soifua!  My name is _____ and I'm an avid follower of your site.  I just read your latest blog and it touched me very deeply and personally.  ...  Are you by any chance related to him [I'iga Pisa]?  If so, then we are most likely related too - he is my great-grandfather and his last living child is my grandmother who will turn 92 next month.  When I read your blog, I was in shock really.  His story is known within my family, but it's not one that many people (at least I don't think) know around Samoa.  I don't know why that is, but it is what it is.  So to see it on your blog was just... heartwarming.  
Faafetai tele lava ma ia faamanuia le Atua i au galuega ma feau.
Ma le faaaloalo lava,
SwissHamo

For those of you wondering, I am not, as far as I know, related to anyone who changed the course of Samoan history. Not like SwissHamo, who can trace her roots back to two of leaders of Samoan Independence (Lauaki and I'iga were relatives), and even further back, is directly related to the Tongan Royal Family. Thanks for writing to me, SH. It brought the past to the present, breathing life into the history that I find so rich and inspiring.


History tidbit for today: The first Samoan Independence Day was not celebrated in June but on 1 January, 1962. The reason its celebrated now on 1 June is because that was the original Samoan Flag Day back in 1948, a day which marked Samoa's official transition to independence from colonisation/trusteeship and the same day that Samoa's national anthem was revealed. 


If you ever wondered what it was like, that first Independence Day, check out this video from 4:48 onwards. 






Also check out the rest of the Samoan videos from archivesnz Youtube channel. It's awesome to see black and white footage from Samoa and the way life was 50 and more years ago. I also really enjoy listening to the background songs and chants. So nostalgic! The only other thing I noticed, that I already knew somewhere in the back of my mind, is that Samoans are a pretty damned fine-looking race. 

The following recipe has nothing to do with anything, eg. not a Samoan recipe, but I make these so often I just had to share. The recipe comes from a fabulous collection of muffin recipes by Camilla Saulsbury called 750 Best Muffin Recipes. Once the bananas are mashed, these are super-quick to throw together. Whether you make them with or without the chocolate chips, the muffins stay moist and flavourful for up to three days after you've baked them.


Cocoa Banana Muffins
(makes 12)


1 1/2 cups flour
1/4 cup cocoa 
1 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon baking powder
1 cup sugar
1 egg
1 1/3 cups mashed ripe banana
1/3 cup vegetable oil
1 cup semisweet chocolate chips (optional)


Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C) and line a 12 cup muffin pan with paper liners.


Whisk together the flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, salt and baking powder. In a separate bowl, combine the sugar, egg, bananas and oil. Add the egg mixture to the dry ingredients and stir until just blended. Gently fold in chocolate chips if you are using them.


Fill the paper liners evenly with the batter (should be 3/4 full). Bake for 20 to 24 minutes or until an inserted skewer comes out clean. Cool in pan for 3 minutes then remove to a wire rack to cool. 

Best RecipesI'iga's Icecream News Recipes

His life reads like a Hollywood movie. Born in 1882, I'iga Pisa was a feisty matai (chief) who rose in prominence to become Lauaki Namulau'ulu's right hand man. The two matai travelled around Samoa gathering support for their cause, and Lauaki even sent I'iga to American Samoa to garner support for the Mau a Pule (Independence Movement). When the Mau leaders were banished to Saipan in 1909, I'iga was among their number.


From there, I'iga's life takes on a Rambo-like turn because when Saipan fell into Japanese hands, the Samoans hatched an escape plan. They carved out a paopao (canoe) and I'iga was chosen to paddle the 124 miles (200 km) from Saipan to Guam. 

The islands that I'iga navigated:
124 miles (200 km)

Along the way, he was pursued by Japanese troops but he hid in the Aguijan Islands until he could continue his journey. Then I'iga crashed into Rota Island, quite literally, and suffered numerous injuries from his landing. He was nursed back to health by the locals, who also hid him from the Japanese authorities, and as soon as he could, I'iga set out again to complete his mission. 


I'iga successfully reached Guam and it is rumoured that a German cartographer called the strait between Rota and Guam 'I'iga's Pass' or 'I'iga's Strait' because of the magnificent feat that our countryman achieved. But I haven't seen any evidence of this (yes, I can read German). The only sign that our people were anywhere near Saipan is a bridge called 'Samoa Bridge' which still exists today.


Back to I'iga - he reached Guam and picked up a job working for the US Navy. He brushed up on his English (he had been learning German while in exile) and eventually wound up in Hawai'i. I'iga returned to Samoa to serve in several high-ranking government positions, even contributing to the Constitutional Convention of 1954.


When the Samoan flag was raised on the first day of independence,1 January, 1962, I'iga Pisa was the only one of the exiled matai (chiefs) that attended, for he was the only one that had survived.


And what a survivor he was!


I can't imagine doing half of what this historical great has done, and only hope that one day someone writes the screenplay for I'iga's Spielberg-worthy life.


To celebrate the colourful adventures of this Independence hero, I offer I'iga's Icecream.

I'iga's Icecream
(serves 4)
2 cans coconut milk
2/3 cup cocoa 
1/2 cup sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla
tiny pinch of salt


Pour all the ingredients into a bowl and whisk together until the sugar has dissolved. Pour into an ice-cream machine or, if you don't have one (I don't), pour the mixture into a large ziplock bag and make the ice-cream Harold McGee's way. The result is a perfectly luscious, smooth, cool treat.


Serve with fruit salad.